{"id":31,"date":"2023-12-18T16:13:35","date_gmt":"2023-12-18T16:13:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/openbooks.library.unt.edu\/writeandcommunicate\/chapter\/sharing\/"},"modified":"2024-01-16T19:40:40","modified_gmt":"2024-01-16T19:40:40","slug":"sharing","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/openbooks.library.unt.edu\/writeandcommunicate\/chapter\/sharing\/","title":{"raw":"Sharing","rendered":"Sharing"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"sharing\">\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\"><strong>Learning Objectives<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Recognize the types of informational documents.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Understand when to share information.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Respond to a request for information.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Structure an informational document.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Write short informational documents.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Write long informational documents.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11634_1766606829\"><\/a>Learn\u2014Sharing Information<\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">We don\u2019t write professional documents just for the fun of it. We write for a specific reason, and one of the keys to writing effectively is knowing why we write. One common reason for writing is to share information. If I had to guess, I\u2019d say at least 90 percent of the emails that I write have the goal of sharing information. Sometimes, as in this example, I was asked for specific information. Sometimes, I anticipate a question and provide information before I am asked.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\">Let\u2019s take a look at an example email to see this in action.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr class=\"Table-R\">\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #dddddd; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Statement of Purpose<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #eeeeee; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 0 2.75pt 0;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Hi, how are you? I got your email asking for more information about the course I\u2019ve been developing, UCRS: Professional Development. Below, I\u2019ve included the course description:<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"Table-R\">\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #dddddd; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Requested Information<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #eeeeee; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 0 2.75pt 0;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Students will learn to translate their academic skills into marketable skills as they seek to make their professional goals a reality. The skills acquired will prepare students to apply for internships, jobs, grants, business loans, and postgraduate educational opportunities.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Students will practice different methods of articulating how their academic skills qualify them for professional opportunities. Some of the methods of communication practiced will include writing professional emails, reports, and job materials; interviewing; working as an effective member of a team; becoming an effective leader; giving professional presentations; practicing diverse and inclusive methods of professionalism; and becoming digitally literate.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Students will engage in professional activities such as mock interviews, professional mixers, and conferences to develop the social skills they need to succeed in the professional world. Students will complete the course by preparing to apply for an internship, job, loan, or other professional option (to be approved by the instructor).<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">This professional proposal will ensure that students leave the course with a written plan of action for achieving their career goals upon graduation and becoming forces of positive change.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"Table-R\">\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #dddddd; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Offered additional information<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #eeeeee; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 0 2.75pt 0;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">I hope the description was helpful, but should you need more detail, I\u2019ve attached the course syllabus.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"Table-R\">\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #dddddd; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Open line of communication<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #eeeeee; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 0 2.75pt 0;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Please let me know if you have any more questions.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\">As you see from the example, I did several specific things in this email:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Restated the request for information I received<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Identified the first piece of information I provided<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Identified additional information I provided<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Made it clear that I was willing to answer questions<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">I was able to know what to include because I considered my audience and their request first.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11636_1766606829\"><\/a>Consider Your Audience<\/h3>\r\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">When we write to share information, we are providing specific information for a specific purpose. So we have to decide what information our audience needs\u2014and this means taking care to remember that we know more than our audience, so their needs determine what we include. Finally, we have to provide enough detail to meet their needs.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\">Writing to share information is much like writing to respond, which we\u2019ll discuss later; however, there is one major difference:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">When we write to respond, the <strong>writer<\/strong> decides what information is being shared and why.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">When we write to provide information, the <strong>reader<\/strong> (who made the original request for information) determines what information is shared and why.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">An answer to a response for information can come in many forms:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">You will send emails that answer questions.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">You will send text messages that include times and dates for meetings.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">You will provide data that will be used in reports.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\"><a id=\"X1de30e697b26a428445692ae9b2e4624028dae6\"><\/a>These are just a few examples of the types of documents you might write to share information. We can\u2019t possibly predict them all.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11638_1766606829\"><\/a>Why Should You Learn How to Share Information Effectively?<\/h3>\r\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">Before we go any further, let\u2019s get this out of the way. The importance of sharing information effectively isn\u2019t a concept we invented just for this book. Working professionals have a lot to say about this subject:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n<p class=\"import-BlockText\" style=\"margin-left: 23.75pt; margin-right: 23.75pt;\">Poor communication in the business environment can be very costly. It could lead to decisions that are made using false assumptions and unreliable data. Such problems can cost organizations an average of more than $7,000 a day. There are various reasons why wrong information can be creeping into your organization right now: unclear instructions and expectations, poor listening skills, unreliable data, lack of collaboration among team members and the list goes on. One of the leading communication issues involves teams and departments operating in silos and not sharing information.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-BlockText\" style=\"margin-left: 23.75pt; margin-right: 23.75pt;\">This lack of collaboration can kill a growing business. So can this be solved? Here\u2019s an idea: Promote a single version of truth in your business. By this, I mean that your business should espouse transparency and better sharing of data and information across the organization. This can be done with the help of cloud-based solutions that promote transparency and collaboration. (Johnson 2020)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">Here\u2019s another opinion:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">If you\u2019ve ever experienced a long email chain wherein respondents ask multiple questions to clarify the original email, you\u2019ll understand the importance of efficient communication. Having sharply honed writing skills can help you clearly and quickly communicate updates, events, projects, or other important topics to co-workers without requiring additional time for clarification or questions. (Tulane University School of Professional Advancement 2023)<\/div>\r\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">Whether you are writing a short email or a longer report, every document that shares information uses the same basic structure.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4><em><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11640_1766606829\"><\/a>How to Structure an Informational Document<\/em><\/h4>\r\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">When providing information, you first must decide whether to take the direct or indirect approach. Each approach has its own unique advantages, disadvantages, and appropriate uses. Deciding which approach you are going to use in your document is incredibly important and determines the appropriate structure.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h5><em><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11642_1766606829\"><\/a>When Is a Direct Approach the Best Choice?<\/em><\/h5>\r\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">When you are providing information your readers will likely be happy to get, use a direct approach:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Here are the details about our holiday party.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\"><a id=\"X0091fb9b54a507adb0af3810703b1fc5b050c00\"><\/a>Everyone is getting a 5 percent cost-of-living raise.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h5><em><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11644_1766606829\"><\/a>When Is an Indirect Approach Best?<\/em><\/h5>\r\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">If you are giving information that your reader may not like, use an indirect approach:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">The company is instituting a new dress code.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Gym memberships are being canceled.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">We cannot make a new hire.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\"><a id=\"X801cc4820514de63cd92ae22090b535666d4cfd\"><\/a>Let\u2019s look at how to structure both a direct and indirect request.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h5><em><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11646_1766606829\"><\/a>Using a Direct Approach<\/em><\/h5>\r\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">When you write to share information using a direct approach, use this structure:<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-DefinitionTerm\"><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Definition\">Why you are sharing information<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-DefinitionTerm\"><strong>Body<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Definition\">Detailed information about the new policy or procedure<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-DefinitionTerm\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Definition\">Includes a call to action and demonstrates that the lines of communication are still open<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">Each of the pieces of the structure serves a specific purpose.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h6><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11648_1766606829\"><\/a>Introduction<\/h6>\r\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">Anytime we communicate with someone for a professional reason, we should begin by stating our purpose.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\">Why?<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\">Because everyone is busy, and if you can\u2019t convince someone from the first line that a communication is important to them, they probably won\u2019t read it. This might sound harsh, but your readers need to know what\u2019s in it for them. Think of how many texts, emails, and tweets you are bombarded with every day. The only way to keep up is by prioritizing, and we prioritize based on choosing those communications that offer us something we need. So every time you write to share information, your introduction should include<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">A statement of purpose<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">What information you are providing<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">What\u2019s in it for your reader<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">Let\u2019s look at some examples of some openings for an email:<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\"><em><strong>Email <\/strong><strong>Opening Examples<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">Next week the company will be implementing a new policy.<\/div>\r\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\"><strong>Good or Bad?<\/strong><br style=\"clear: both;\" \/>This example doesn\u2019t work because it doesn\u2019t tell the reader much at all:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Why is the company implementing a new policy?<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">What is the policy?<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Does the new policy affect the reader?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">In this email, I provide an overview of our new procedure for requesting time off. Because the old procedure caused employees\u2019 requests for time off to be delayed, beginning July 1, you should follow the procedure I outline below when you ask for time off. Employees who do not use the new procedure will not have their requests processed.<\/div>\r\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\"><strong>Good or Bad?<\/strong><br style=\"clear: both;\" \/>This second example is much better because it makes it clear what procedure is being changed, why, and how the change will benefit the readers. This is an excellent opening.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\"><a id=\"X8cd99dbc782330f2696b97841bd95d90414763c\"><\/a>After your statement of purpose, you need to provide details about the information you are providing.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h6><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11650_1766606829\"><\/a>Body<\/h6>\r\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">If you don\u2019t provide accurate, specific information, how can you expect your reader to comply? For example, if you schedule a meeting and provide the wrong time, who is at fault if no one attends? The portion of your message in which you provide details might be one or more paragraphs long. The length will be based on the amount and complexity of the information. But you need to remember these rules:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr class=\"Table-R\" style=\"height: 0;\">\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #dddddd; border-bottom: 0.5pt solid #000000; padding: 2.75pt; width: 10.0073%;\">\r\n<div class=\"Table-firstRow\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Compact\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Rule<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #eeeeee; border-bottom: 0.5pt solid #000000; border-left: 0.5pt solid #000000; padding: 2.75pt; width: 89.4126%;\">\r\n<div class=\"Table-firstRow\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Compact\"><strong>Example<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"Table-R\">\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #dddddd; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 10.0073%;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Be specific<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #eeeeee; border-left: 0.5pt solid #000000; padding: 0px 5.4pt; width: 89.4126%;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">If you give a time, give an exact time: July 16 at 8:00 am.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"Table-R\">\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #dddddd; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 10.0073%;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Be accurate<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #eeeeee; border-left: 0.5pt solid #000000; padding: 0px 5.4pt; width: 89.4126%;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">If a new procedure is required rather than suggested, make that clear. Otherwise, you, not you readers, are to blame if someone chooses not to follow the procedure.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"Table-R\">\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #dddddd; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 10.0073%;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Be complete<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #eeeeee; border-left: 0.5pt solid #000000; padding: 0px 5.4pt; width: 89.4126%;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">If a procedure has multiple steps, include all of them.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 10.0073%;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 89.4126%;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\"><a id=\"X48a6d8954deb83cb0e863b169d4d948ff59053f\"><\/a><a id=\"Xed152ab7461fbfde0399346b54a67c4f264b9ad\"><\/a>Once you have provided all of the information, be sure to tell your reader what to do with it.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h5><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11652_1766606829\"><\/a>Conclusion<\/h5>\r\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">The final paragraph of our message must do two things:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Provide a statement of action.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\"><a id=\"X99c66694394282bec342d0dcdfc93108cce5361\"><\/a><a id=\"X824fc00e35345d33b18337cd148588c2ca474a2\"><\/a>Show that the lines of communication are open.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h4><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11654_1766606829\"><\/a><em>Provide a Statement of Action<\/em><\/h4>\r\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">Most of us have a profile on LinkedIn. The purpose of your profile is to share information about yourself with other professionals. However, if your summary doesn\u2019t end with a call to action, your readers won\u2019t know how to respond. What to do you need from your readers? Advice, a job, an internship? If you don\u2019t tell them, they won\u2019t provide it. Here are some good action statements:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">If you have any information regarding internships in accounting in the Dallas area, please contact me.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">If you have any questions regarding the new procedure for requesting time off, please send me an email. Human Resources is also hosting a lunch meeting on Wednesday, August 3, at noon.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">Finally, you need to keep the conversation going.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4><em><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11656_1766606829\"><\/a>Show That the Lines of Communication Are Open<\/em><\/h4>\r\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\"><a id=\"X1c0a50a53316f22dfd9fd8758f48ed7b8eae93a\"><\/a><a id=\"X92f4e334913d316a920c76b6c5d5fa786234451\"><\/a><a id=\"Xb4a76ea934367b9e6e5a24448e1993fe451d79b\"><\/a>Your readers need to know that you are available to answer questions, or that other sources of clarification are available. Otherwise, readers may not understand the information you shared, and if they have no one to go to with questions, they may unintentionally make mistakes.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11658_1766606829\"><\/a>Using an Indirect Approach<\/h3>\r\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">When you provide unwanted information, you must be sure the reader understands why what you are sharing is necessary and how it will benefit them.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-DefinitionTerm\"><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Definition\">Rather than bluntly sharing your information, you should begin with a buffer that emphasizes the positive by showing appreciation.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-DefinitionTerm\"><strong>Body<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Definition\">Show empathy and provide a justification for the request to come. Tell employees how complying with the request will benefit them. Include a call to action.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-DefinitionTerm\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Definition\">Keep the communication open and provide opportunities for clarification or questions.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">Let\u2019s take a look at this structure in action:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr class=\"Table-R\" style=\"height: 0;\">\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #dddddd; border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\r\n<div class=\"Table-firstRow\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Compact\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Function<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #eeeeee; border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\r\n<div class=\"Table-firstRow\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Compact\"><strong>Example<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"Table-R\">\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #dddddd; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #eeeeee; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 0 5.4pt 0 5.4pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Our department is very successful, and our success is largely due to your individual levels of professionalism. However, the company knows you are capable of even more, so they are beginning a new Dress for Success initiative.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"Table-R\">\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #dddddd; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Body with specific detail<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #eeeeee; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 0 5.4pt 0 5.4pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Customers judge our level of professionalism based on first appearances, and we want our first impression to be a strong one. To help us reach this goal, starting on September 1, we will all follow the new Dress for Success guidelines:<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><strong>Monday<\/strong><strong>\u2013<\/strong><strong>Thursday<\/strong>: Business casual (slacks, collared shirts, dresses, skirts, etc.) <strong>Friday<\/strong>: Company spirit (company-branded shirts, slacks, jeans, dressy sneakers, etc.)<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">A more complete list will be emailed to each of you next week.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"Table-R\">\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #dddddd; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Body with specific detail<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #eeeeee; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 0 5.4pt 0 5.4pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Don\u2019t worry. No one expects you to buy a new wardrobe. Local department stores are offering us employee discounts of 25 percent. You will receive instructions for getting your discount via email. Also, the company has a lending closet. You can borrow work-appropriate attire for free. However, you will need to have the clothing you borrow dry-cleaned before you return it.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"Table-R\">\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #dddddd; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #eeeeee; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 0 5.4pt 0 5.4pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">I appreciate all you do for the company, and I know that this new initiative will make us even better than we already are. An information session is being held July 27 at noon. Lunch will be provided, and you can ask questions. I hope to see you there. And as always, my door is open if you have questions or concerns about being ready on September 1.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\">Now that you understand how to structure a message that shares information, let\u2019s look at some best practices that will help you make good decisions as you write.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Understand what information is needed.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Make sure your information is accurate.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Make sure your information is complete.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Make sure you keep a record of the information.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Make sure you send it to everyone who needs it.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">Let\u2019s look at each of these more carefully.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4><em><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11660_1766606829\"><\/a>Understand What Information Is Needed<\/em><\/h4>\r\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">Before you begin to write, you need to carefully consider what to include in your message. Here are some questions to answer that will help you decide:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">What do your readers already know about the information you are sharing? Have they been part of the decision-making process? Are they hearing about this topic for the first time?<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">What questions are they likely to have? Will they want to know when something will happen? Where? Why? How?<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">What is your readers\u2019 attitude likely to be? Will they be pleased with the information, or worried, indecisive, or resistant?<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">What do you want them to do with the information you provide? Do you want them to cooperate? Act, understand, participate?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">The best way to be sure if you have provided the information your readers need is to ask someone who is in your audience!<\/p>\r\n\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr class=\"Table-R\">\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #afd095; vertical-align: middle; padding: 5.75pt 5.75pt 0 5.75pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #f6f9d4; padding: 5.75pt 5.75pt 0 5.75pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><a id=\"X48009b93aafdf392b4de371081f94e9f8f4c95d\"><\/a>Do you know how many times this book was proofread before it was published? Writers often have multiple colleagues review their writing in addition to their own reviews. Even professional writers need their work reviewed by others, so never be afraid to ask someone else to review yours.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h4><em><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11662_1766606829\"><\/a>Make Sure Your Information Is Accurate<\/em><\/h4>\r\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">If your information isn\u2019t accurate, it\u2019s useless, and any problems that occur because of your error will be your fault. For example, if you send your team an email telling them you have scheduled a meeting for the fourteenth when you meant the fifteenth, you have no reason to be mad at your team when they don\u2019t come to the meeting on the fourteenth. Or what if you meant to attach the document dated 3\/13 but instead you accidentally attached an earlier version of the same document? Here are some strategies for checking the accuracy of your information:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr class=\"Table-R\">\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #dddddd; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Slow down<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: bottom; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 0 2.75pt 0;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">It\u2019s easy to get busy and neglect to proofread your own work. This is a fatal error. Proofreading your work is not something you do when you have the time. It\u2019s something you do every time! Make this a habit.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"Table-R\">\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #dddddd; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Ask<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #eeeeee; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 0 2.75pt 0;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Don\u2019t assume; no one knows everything. If you don\u2019t know something, or you aren\u2019t 100 percent sure, ask the person who has the answer. This isn\u2019t a waste of your time or theirs because everyone will benefit.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h4><em><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11664_1766606829\"><\/a>Make Sure Your Information Is Complete<\/em><\/h4>\r\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">When you are sharing information with others, it is usually because you are an expert. In other words, you know more than everyone else. When we know more than others, it is easy to fall into the trap of forgetting our readers don\u2019t know as much as we do. When we think that way, we can easily leave out information our readers need:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Definitions of terms<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">A summary of previous work or decisions<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Deadlines<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Work delegation<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">It is better to risk repeating something your readers already know rather than leaving out something they need.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4><em><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11666_1766606829\"><\/a>Make Sure You Keep a Record of the Information<\/em><\/h4>\r\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">We aren\u2019t suggesting that you keep every email you write in your inbox. However, you should create electronic folders to keep copies of important information. We suggest using a resource like Dropbox or Teams. Why do you need to keep digital records?<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\"><a id=\"Xdf31b54d7c389b3bb2e48dea40d4922d1b05b5c\"><\/a>Sometimes someone might question whether you actually sent a particular piece of information. If you have kept a copy of that communication, you can easily answer the question. Or you or someone you work with might not remember a particular detail from a previous document. Again, if you have saved the document, you can quickly find the answer.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4><em><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11668_1766606829\"><\/a>Make Sure You Send It to Everyone Who Needs It<\/em><\/h4>\r\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">Sending out electronic documents has its issues. It\u2019s easy to attach a document to an existing email without checking who\u2019s on the mailing list. Ouch.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\">You just sent your document to three people who don\u2019t need it. Now you have to answer their annoyed, confused questions.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr class=\"Table-R\">\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #b4c7dc; vertical-align: middle; padding: 5.75pt 5.75pt 0 5.75pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Tip<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #dee6ef; padding: 5.75pt 5.75pt 0 5.75pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><a id=\"X131b587ea54057751096a9690f6b9d96178e39b\"><\/a><a id=\"Xf719cccd1ae50d57240c2671a698bf4aae8f084\"><\/a><a id=\"X47a70836bf90ba60841d12eb8a341cbebc712d9\"><\/a>Rather than relying on existing messages, begin a new message every time you send or attach a document. This simple practice can help you ensure you only give information to those who want, need, and expect it.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h2><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11670_1766606829\"><\/a>Assess\u2014Writing to Share Information<\/h2>\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Which of the following should a statement of purpose include?\r\na. Identify what information you are providing.\r\nb. Begin with a demand.\r\nc. Ignore the readers\u2019 needs. You are the leader.\r\nd. Tell your reader what\u2019s in it for them.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Which statement does NOT describe the necessary qualities of detailed information?\r\na. Short. You can talk to everyone at lunch.\r\nb. Accurate\r\nc. Specific\r\nd. Complete<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Which of the following should the closing include? Select all that apply.\r\na. Include as little as possible.\r\nb. Provide a statement of action.\r\nc. Show the lines of communication are open.\r\nd. A closing is optional.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Which of the following is NOT a good reason for showing your readers the lines of communication are open?\r\na. So your readers know they can ask questions\r\nb. So you can correct any misunderstandings\r\nc. So you can create goodwill\r\nd. So you can criticize the people who come in<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Which of the following are not good reasons for sharing information? Check all that apply.\r\na. To let everyone know about upcoming changes\r\nb. To share photos of your amazing vacation\r\nc. To provide details about an upcoming project\r\nd. To answer questions<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<h2><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11672_1766606829\"><\/a>Engage\u2014Writing to Share Information<\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">Recently, your department has been facing an issue. When your company first opened, it was small and family owned and operated. While the size of the company has tripled, the policies and procedures that the company follows have not kept up. As a consequence, employees have been taking personal days and half days without prior approval, which is causing scheduling issues and other problems. In order to improve the situation, the company is formalizing its procedures for taking time off. The following memo was written by your supervisor, who asked you to give your feedback before they send it out.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\"><strong>Memo<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-BlockText\" style=\"margin-left: 23.75pt; margin-right: 23.75pt;\">Date: April 29, 2022<br style=\"clear: both;\" \/>To: Members of the Human Resources Department<br style=\"clear: both;\" \/>From: Jo Manager<br style=\"clear: both;\" \/>Re: It\u2019s time to stop<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-BlockText\" style=\"margin-left: 23.75pt; margin-right: 23.75pt;\">When all the employees at this company were members of the same family, it was okay for people to just take time off without thinking about anyone else. But now all kinds of people work here, but you all still act like we\u2019re one big family. You have to stop randomly taking time off! Just last week, I had to work on Saturday to cover for someone who did not let me know until Friday that they had to miss their shift to go to a wedding! I had plans too, but I had to cancel them. And don\u2019t get me started on the women with kids!<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-BlockText\" style=\"margin-left: 23.75pt; margin-right: 23.75pt;\">I\u2019m not the only one who has a problem with your behavior. The CEO of the company has issued a new policy that everyone has to follow. Everyone! I have summarized the policy below.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-BlockText\" style=\"margin-left: 23.75pt; margin-right: 23.75pt;\">Starting next month, we will follow this procedure for requesting time off. All requests for time off must be made at least six weeks in advance. No exceptions. Requests have to be made in writing using the appropriate online form. All requests must be approved.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-BlockText\" style=\"margin-left: 23.75pt; margin-right: 23.75pt;\">I don\u2019t mean to be harsh, but you have to clean up your acts.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">To complete this activity successfully, complete the following steps:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Determine whether the writer achieved the following:<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Used an appropriate tone for the audience.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Used an indirect approach.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Included adequate and accurate information.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Ended with a call to action.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Showed the conversation was open.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Crafted a memo with an effective structure.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Wrote the memo with no errors in style, grammar, or punctuation.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a02. After assessing the above, complete the following:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Present your findings in a memo.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Post your memo to the discussion.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Respond to at least three of your classmates. Provide feedback on the following:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">The content of their memo<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\"><a id=\"X525ed860aa030f41d573c913ce27aa63b5cc0a6\"><\/a>The structure and design of their memo<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11674_1766606829\"><\/a>Apply\u2014Sharing information<\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">For this assignment, you must write a memo in response to the following prompt:<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\">In the \u201cAudience\u201d module you identified the problems facing the members of your department as the company transitions from work at home to work from the office. After identifying the problems, you suggested a potential solution based on what you learned from interviewing the members of your department. Now that your proposed plan and solution has been approved by the CEO, your job is to share it with the members of your department.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\">Most of the department has enjoyed the convenience of working from home and have concerns about returning to the office. Your job is to present the information as persuasively as possible to get everyone\u2019s cooperation.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\">To complete this assignment successfully, follow these steps:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Present your information in the form of a memo.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Use headings to create a visual hierarchy.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Follow the guidelines for creating an effective structure.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Use correct English.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\">Meet your audiences\u2019 needs.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">For this assignment, you may create material concerning employee concerns and needs; however, your material must be realistic and should be based on your professional experience.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11676_1766606829\"><\/a>Assignment Rubric<\/h3>\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr class=\"Table-R\" style=\"height: 0;\">\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"vertical-align: bottom; border-top: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\r\n<div class=\"Table-firstRow\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Compact\"><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"vertical-align: bottom; border-top: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\r\n<div class=\"Table-firstRow\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Compact\"><strong>Superior<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"vertical-align: bottom; border-top: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\r\n<div class=\"Table-firstRow\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Compact\"><strong>Above Average<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"vertical-align: bottom; border-top: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\r\n<div class=\"Table-firstRow\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Compact\"><strong>Average<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"vertical-align: bottom; border-top: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\r\n<div class=\"Table-firstRow\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Compact\"><strong>Below Average<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"vertical-align: bottom; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\">\r\n<div class=\"Table-firstRow\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Compact\"><strong>Failing<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"Table-R\">\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><strong>Content<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">20 points<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Includes all of the required elements of the assignment.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">15 points<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Includes all of the required elements, though some are underdeveloped.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">10 points<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Includes most of the required elements.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">5 points<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Includes some of the required elements.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-right: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">0 points<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Does not include all of the required elements.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"Table-R\">\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><strong>Style<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">20 points<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The writing is clear and concise and avoids unnecessary use of passive constructions.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">15 points<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The writing is clear and concise and generally avoids unnecessary use of passive constructions.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">10 points<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The writing is mostly clear and concise and mostly avoids unnecessary use of passive constructions.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">5 points<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The writing is occasionally clear and concise but does not avoid unnecessary use of passive constructions.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-right: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">0 points<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The style is inappropriate or unclear.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"Table-R\">\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><strong>Design<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">20 points<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The document has a clear visual hierarchy and the writer uses appropriate methods of presentation such as lists and tables.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">15 points<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The document has a clear visual hierarchy and the writer uses some appropriate methods of presentation such as lists and tables.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">10 points<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The document has a basic visual hierarchy and the writer occasionally uses appropriate methods of presentation such as lists and tables.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">5 points<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The document\u2019s visual hierarchy is weak and the writer doesn\u2019t use appropriate methods of presentation such as lists and tables.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-right: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">0 points<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The document has no visual hierarchy.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"Table-R\">\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><strong>Structure<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">20 points<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The organization of the document is clear and logical and makes strong use of topic sentences and transitions.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">15 points<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The organization of the document is generally clear and logical and makes some use of topic sentences and transitions.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">10 points<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The document has an organization and occasionally uses topic sentences and transitions.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">5 points<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The structure is weak and the writer rarely uses topic sentences or transitions.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-right: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">0 points<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The document has no structure.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"Table-R\">\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><strong>Correctness<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">20 points<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The document has no errors.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">15 points<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The document has 2\u20133 errors.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">10 points<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The document has 4\u20135 errors.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">5 points<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The document has 6\u20137 errors.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-right: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><a id=\"Xd201ffd88c898ec010d96ca01f0bb436f765dcc\"><\/a><a id=\"Xe8ffee2f5a30b94d911ce09c0b4065f08976f90\"><\/a>0 points<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The document has 8 or more errors.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"sharing\">\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\"><strong>Learning Objectives<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Recognize the types of informational documents.<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Understand when to share information.<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Respond to a request for information.<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Structure an informational document.<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Write short informational documents.<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Write long informational documents.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11634_1766606829\"><\/a>Learn\u2014Sharing Information<\/h2>\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">We don\u2019t write professional documents just for the fun of it. We write for a specific reason, and one of the keys to writing effectively is knowing why we write. One common reason for writing is to share information. If I had to guess, I\u2019d say at least 90 percent of the emails that I write have the goal of sharing information. Sometimes, as in this example, I was asked for specific information. Sometimes, I anticipate a question and provide information before I am asked.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\">Let\u2019s take a look at an example email to see this in action.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"Table-R\">\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #dddddd; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Statement of Purpose<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #eeeeee; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 0 2.75pt 0;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Hi, how are you? I got your email asking for more information about the course I\u2019ve been developing, UCRS: Professional Development. Below, I\u2019ve included the course description:<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"Table-R\">\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #dddddd; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Requested Information<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #eeeeee; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 0 2.75pt 0;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Students will learn to translate their academic skills into marketable skills as they seek to make their professional goals a reality. The skills acquired will prepare students to apply for internships, jobs, grants, business loans, and postgraduate educational opportunities.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Students will practice different methods of articulating how their academic skills qualify them for professional opportunities. Some of the methods of communication practiced will include writing professional emails, reports, and job materials; interviewing; working as an effective member of a team; becoming an effective leader; giving professional presentations; practicing diverse and inclusive methods of professionalism; and becoming digitally literate.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Students will engage in professional activities such as mock interviews, professional mixers, and conferences to develop the social skills they need to succeed in the professional world. Students will complete the course by preparing to apply for an internship, job, loan, or other professional option (to be approved by the instructor).<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">This professional proposal will ensure that students leave the course with a written plan of action for achieving their career goals upon graduation and becoming forces of positive change.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"Table-R\">\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #dddddd; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Offered additional information<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #eeeeee; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 0 2.75pt 0;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">I hope the description was helpful, but should you need more detail, I\u2019ve attached the course syllabus.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"Table-R\">\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #dddddd; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Open line of communication<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #eeeeee; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 0 2.75pt 0;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Please let me know if you have any more questions.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\">As you see from the example, I did several specific things in this email:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Restated the request for information I received<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Identified the first piece of information I provided<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Identified additional information I provided<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Made it clear that I was willing to answer questions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">I was able to know what to include because I considered my audience and their request first.<\/p>\n<h3><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11636_1766606829\"><\/a>Consider Your Audience<\/h3>\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">When we write to share information, we are providing specific information for a specific purpose. So we have to decide what information our audience needs\u2014and this means taking care to remember that we know more than our audience, so their needs determine what we include. Finally, we have to provide enough detail to meet their needs.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\">Writing to share information is much like writing to respond, which we\u2019ll discuss later; however, there is one major difference:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">When we write to respond, the <strong>writer<\/strong> decides what information is being shared and why.<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">When we write to provide information, the <strong>reader<\/strong> (who made the original request for information) determines what information is shared and why.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">An answer to a response for information can come in many forms:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">You will send emails that answer questions.<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">You will send text messages that include times and dates for meetings.<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">You will provide data that will be used in reports.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\"><a id=\"X1de30e697b26a428445692ae9b2e4624028dae6\"><\/a>These are just a few examples of the types of documents you might write to share information. We can\u2019t possibly predict them all.<\/p>\n<h3><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11638_1766606829\"><\/a>Why Should You Learn How to Share Information Effectively?<\/h3>\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">Before we go any further, let\u2019s get this out of the way. The importance of sharing information effectively isn\u2019t a concept we invented just for this book. Working professionals have a lot to say about this subject:<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<p class=\"import-BlockText\" style=\"margin-left: 23.75pt; margin-right: 23.75pt;\">Poor communication in the business environment can be very costly. It could lead to decisions that are made using false assumptions and unreliable data. Such problems can cost organizations an average of more than $7,000 a day. There are various reasons why wrong information can be creeping into your organization right now: unclear instructions and expectations, poor listening skills, unreliable data, lack of collaboration among team members and the list goes on. One of the leading communication issues involves teams and departments operating in silos and not sharing information.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-BlockText\" style=\"margin-left: 23.75pt; margin-right: 23.75pt;\">This lack of collaboration can kill a growing business. So can this be solved? Here\u2019s an idea: Promote a single version of truth in your business. By this, I mean that your business should espouse transparency and better sharing of data and information across the organization. This can be done with the help of cloud-based solutions that promote transparency and collaboration. (Johnson 2020)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">Here\u2019s another opinion:<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">If you\u2019ve ever experienced a long email chain wherein respondents ask multiple questions to clarify the original email, you\u2019ll understand the importance of efficient communication. Having sharply honed writing skills can help you clearly and quickly communicate updates, events, projects, or other important topics to co-workers without requiring additional time for clarification or questions. (Tulane University School of Professional Advancement 2023)<\/div>\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">Whether you are writing a short email or a longer report, every document that shares information uses the same basic structure.<\/p>\n<h4><em><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11640_1766606829\"><\/a>How to Structure an Informational Document<\/em><\/h4>\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">When providing information, you first must decide whether to take the direct or indirect approach. Each approach has its own unique advantages, disadvantages, and appropriate uses. Deciding which approach you are going to use in your document is incredibly important and determines the appropriate structure.<\/p>\n<h5><em><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11642_1766606829\"><\/a>When Is a Direct Approach the Best Choice?<\/em><\/h5>\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">When you are providing information your readers will likely be happy to get, use a direct approach:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Here are the details about our holiday party.<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\"><a id=\"X0091fb9b54a507adb0af3810703b1fc5b050c00\"><\/a>Everyone is getting a 5 percent cost-of-living raise.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><em><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11644_1766606829\"><\/a>When Is an Indirect Approach Best?<\/em><\/h5>\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">If you are giving information that your reader may not like, use an indirect approach:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">The company is instituting a new dress code.<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Gym memberships are being canceled.<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">We cannot make a new hire.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\"><a id=\"X801cc4820514de63cd92ae22090b535666d4cfd\"><\/a>Let\u2019s look at how to structure both a direct and indirect request.<\/p>\n<h5><em><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11646_1766606829\"><\/a>Using a Direct Approach<\/em><\/h5>\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">When you write to share information using a direct approach, use this structure:<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-DefinitionTerm\"><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Definition\">Why you are sharing information<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-DefinitionTerm\"><strong>Body<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Definition\">Detailed information about the new policy or procedure<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-DefinitionTerm\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Definition\">Includes a call to action and demonstrates that the lines of communication are still open<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">Each of the pieces of the structure serves a specific purpose.<\/p>\n<h6><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11648_1766606829\"><\/a>Introduction<\/h6>\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">Anytime we communicate with someone for a professional reason, we should begin by stating our purpose.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\">Why?<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\">Because everyone is busy, and if you can\u2019t convince someone from the first line that a communication is important to them, they probably won\u2019t read it. This might sound harsh, but your readers need to know what\u2019s in it for them. Think of how many texts, emails, and tweets you are bombarded with every day. The only way to keep up is by prioritizing, and we prioritize based on choosing those communications that offer us something we need. So every time you write to share information, your introduction should include<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">A statement of purpose<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">What information you are providing<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">What\u2019s in it for your reader<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">Let\u2019s look at some examples of some openings for an email:<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\"><em><strong>Email <\/strong><strong>Opening Examples<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">Next week the company will be implementing a new policy.<\/div>\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\"><strong>Good or Bad?<\/strong><br style=\"clear: both;\" \/>This example doesn\u2019t work because it doesn\u2019t tell the reader much at all:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Why is the company implementing a new policy?<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">What is the policy?<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Does the new policy affect the reader?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">In this email, I provide an overview of our new procedure for requesting time off. Because the old procedure caused employees\u2019 requests for time off to be delayed, beginning July 1, you should follow the procedure I outline below when you ask for time off. Employees who do not use the new procedure will not have their requests processed.<\/div>\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\"><strong>Good or Bad?<\/strong><br style=\"clear: both;\" \/>This second example is much better because it makes it clear what procedure is being changed, why, and how the change will benefit the readers. This is an excellent opening.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\"><a id=\"X8cd99dbc782330f2696b97841bd95d90414763c\"><\/a>After your statement of purpose, you need to provide details about the information you are providing.<\/p>\n<h6><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11650_1766606829\"><\/a>Body<\/h6>\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">If you don\u2019t provide accurate, specific information, how can you expect your reader to comply? For example, if you schedule a meeting and provide the wrong time, who is at fault if no one attends? The portion of your message in which you provide details might be one or more paragraphs long. The length will be based on the amount and complexity of the information. But you need to remember these rules:<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"Table-R\" style=\"height: 0;\">\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #dddddd; border-bottom: 0.5pt solid #000000; padding: 2.75pt; width: 10.0073%;\">\n<div class=\"Table-firstRow\">\n<p class=\"import-Compact\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Rule<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #eeeeee; border-bottom: 0.5pt solid #000000; border-left: 0.5pt solid #000000; padding: 2.75pt; width: 89.4126%;\">\n<div class=\"Table-firstRow\">\n<p class=\"import-Compact\"><strong>Example<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"Table-R\">\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #dddddd; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 10.0073%;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Be specific<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #eeeeee; border-left: 0.5pt solid #000000; padding: 0px 5.4pt; width: 89.4126%;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">If you give a time, give an exact time: July 16 at 8:00 am.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"Table-R\">\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #dddddd; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 10.0073%;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Be accurate<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #eeeeee; border-left: 0.5pt solid #000000; padding: 0px 5.4pt; width: 89.4126%;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">If a new procedure is required rather than suggested, make that clear. Otherwise, you, not you readers, are to blame if someone chooses not to follow the procedure.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"Table-R\">\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #dddddd; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 10.0073%;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Be complete<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #eeeeee; border-left: 0.5pt solid #000000; padding: 0px 5.4pt; width: 89.4126%;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">If a procedure has multiple steps, include all of them.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 10.0073%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 89.4126%;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\"><a id=\"X48a6d8954deb83cb0e863b169d4d948ff59053f\"><\/a><a id=\"Xed152ab7461fbfde0399346b54a67c4f264b9ad\"><\/a>Once you have provided all of the information, be sure to tell your reader what to do with it.<\/p>\n<h5><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11652_1766606829\"><\/a>Conclusion<\/h5>\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">The final paragraph of our message must do two things:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Provide a statement of action.<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\"><a id=\"X99c66694394282bec342d0dcdfc93108cce5361\"><\/a><a id=\"X824fc00e35345d33b18337cd148588c2ca474a2\"><\/a>Show that the lines of communication are open.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11654_1766606829\"><\/a><em>Provide a Statement of Action<\/em><\/h4>\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">Most of us have a profile on LinkedIn. The purpose of your profile is to share information about yourself with other professionals. However, if your summary doesn\u2019t end with a call to action, your readers won\u2019t know how to respond. What to do you need from your readers? Advice, a job, an internship? If you don\u2019t tell them, they won\u2019t provide it. Here are some good action statements:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">If you have any information regarding internships in accounting in the Dallas area, please contact me.<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">If you have any questions regarding the new procedure for requesting time off, please send me an email. Human Resources is also hosting a lunch meeting on Wednesday, August 3, at noon.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">Finally, you need to keep the conversation going.<\/p>\n<h4><em><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11656_1766606829\"><\/a>Show That the Lines of Communication Are Open<\/em><\/h4>\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\"><a id=\"X1c0a50a53316f22dfd9fd8758f48ed7b8eae93a\"><\/a><a id=\"X92f4e334913d316a920c76b6c5d5fa786234451\"><\/a><a id=\"Xb4a76ea934367b9e6e5a24448e1993fe451d79b\"><\/a>Your readers need to know that you are available to answer questions, or that other sources of clarification are available. Otherwise, readers may not understand the information you shared, and if they have no one to go to with questions, they may unintentionally make mistakes.<\/p>\n<h3><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11658_1766606829\"><\/a>Using an Indirect Approach<\/h3>\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">When you provide unwanted information, you must be sure the reader understands why what you are sharing is necessary and how it will benefit them.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-DefinitionTerm\"><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Definition\">Rather than bluntly sharing your information, you should begin with a buffer that emphasizes the positive by showing appreciation.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-DefinitionTerm\"><strong>Body<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Definition\">Show empathy and provide a justification for the request to come. Tell employees how complying with the request will benefit them. Include a call to action.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-DefinitionTerm\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Definition\">Keep the communication open and provide opportunities for clarification or questions.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">Let\u2019s take a look at this structure in action:<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"Table-R\" style=\"height: 0;\">\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #dddddd; border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\n<div class=\"Table-firstRow\">\n<p class=\"import-Compact\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Function<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #eeeeee; border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\n<div class=\"Table-firstRow\">\n<p class=\"import-Compact\"><strong>Example<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"Table-R\">\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #dddddd; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #eeeeee; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 0 5.4pt 0 5.4pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Our department is very successful, and our success is largely due to your individual levels of professionalism. However, the company knows you are capable of even more, so they are beginning a new Dress for Success initiative.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"Table-R\">\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #dddddd; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Body with specific detail<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #eeeeee; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 0 5.4pt 0 5.4pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Customers judge our level of professionalism based on first appearances, and we want our first impression to be a strong one. To help us reach this goal, starting on September 1, we will all follow the new Dress for Success guidelines:<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><strong>Monday<\/strong><strong>\u2013<\/strong><strong>Thursday<\/strong>: Business casual (slacks, collared shirts, dresses, skirts, etc.) <strong>Friday<\/strong>: Company spirit (company-branded shirts, slacks, jeans, dressy sneakers, etc.)<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">A more complete list will be emailed to each of you next week.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"Table-R\">\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #dddddd; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Body with specific detail<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #eeeeee; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 0 5.4pt 0 5.4pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Don\u2019t worry. No one expects you to buy a new wardrobe. Local department stores are offering us employee discounts of 25 percent. You will receive instructions for getting your discount via email. Also, the company has a lending closet. You can borrow work-appropriate attire for free. However, you will need to have the clothing you borrow dry-cleaned before you return it.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"Table-R\">\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #dddddd; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #eeeeee; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 0 5.4pt 0 5.4pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">I appreciate all you do for the company, and I know that this new initiative will make us even better than we already are. An information session is being held July 27 at noon. Lunch will be provided, and you can ask questions. I hope to see you there. And as always, my door is open if you have questions or concerns about being ready on September 1.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\">Now that you understand how to structure a message that shares information, let\u2019s look at some best practices that will help you make good decisions as you write.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Understand what information is needed.<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Make sure your information is accurate.<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Make sure your information is complete.<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Make sure you keep a record of the information.<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Make sure you send it to everyone who needs it.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">Let\u2019s look at each of these more carefully.<\/p>\n<h4><em><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11660_1766606829\"><\/a>Understand What Information Is Needed<\/em><\/h4>\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">Before you begin to write, you need to carefully consider what to include in your message. Here are some questions to answer that will help you decide:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">What do your readers already know about the information you are sharing? Have they been part of the decision-making process? Are they hearing about this topic for the first time?<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">What questions are they likely to have? Will they want to know when something will happen? Where? Why? How?<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">What is your readers\u2019 attitude likely to be? Will they be pleased with the information, or worried, indecisive, or resistant?<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">What do you want them to do with the information you provide? Do you want them to cooperate? Act, understand, participate?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">The best way to be sure if you have provided the information your readers need is to ask someone who is in your audience!<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"Table-R\">\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #afd095; vertical-align: middle; padding: 5.75pt 5.75pt 0 5.75pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #f6f9d4; padding: 5.75pt 5.75pt 0 5.75pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><a id=\"X48009b93aafdf392b4de371081f94e9f8f4c95d\"><\/a>Do you know how many times this book was proofread before it was published? Writers often have multiple colleagues review their writing in addition to their own reviews. Even professional writers need their work reviewed by others, so never be afraid to ask someone else to review yours.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4><em><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11662_1766606829\"><\/a>Make Sure Your Information Is Accurate<\/em><\/h4>\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">If your information isn\u2019t accurate, it\u2019s useless, and any problems that occur because of your error will be your fault. For example, if you send your team an email telling them you have scheduled a meeting for the fourteenth when you meant the fifteenth, you have no reason to be mad at your team when they don\u2019t come to the meeting on the fourteenth. Or what if you meant to attach the document dated 3\/13 but instead you accidentally attached an earlier version of the same document? Here are some strategies for checking the accuracy of your information:<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"Table-R\">\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #dddddd; vertical-align: bottom; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Slow down<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: bottom; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 0 2.75pt 0;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">It\u2019s easy to get busy and neglect to proofread your own work. This is a fatal error. Proofreading your work is not something you do when you have the time. It\u2019s something you do every time! Make this a habit.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"Table-R\">\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #dddddd; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Ask<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #eeeeee; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 0 2.75pt 0;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Don\u2019t assume; no one knows everything. If you don\u2019t know something, or you aren\u2019t 100 percent sure, ask the person who has the answer. This isn\u2019t a waste of your time or theirs because everyone will benefit.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4><em><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11664_1766606829\"><\/a>Make Sure Your Information Is Complete<\/em><\/h4>\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">When you are sharing information with others, it is usually because you are an expert. In other words, you know more than everyone else. When we know more than others, it is easy to fall into the trap of forgetting our readers don\u2019t know as much as we do. When we think that way, we can easily leave out information our readers need:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Definitions of terms<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">A summary of previous work or decisions<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Deadlines<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Work delegation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">It is better to risk repeating something your readers already know rather than leaving out something they need.<\/p>\n<h4><em><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11666_1766606829\"><\/a>Make Sure You Keep a Record of the Information<\/em><\/h4>\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">We aren\u2019t suggesting that you keep every email you write in your inbox. However, you should create electronic folders to keep copies of important information. We suggest using a resource like Dropbox or Teams. Why do you need to keep digital records?<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\"><a id=\"Xdf31b54d7c389b3bb2e48dea40d4922d1b05b5c\"><\/a>Sometimes someone might question whether you actually sent a particular piece of information. If you have kept a copy of that communication, you can easily answer the question. Or you or someone you work with might not remember a particular detail from a previous document. Again, if you have saved the document, you can quickly find the answer.<\/p>\n<h4><em><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11668_1766606829\"><\/a>Make Sure You Send It to Everyone Who Needs It<\/em><\/h4>\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">Sending out electronic documents has its issues. It\u2019s easy to attach a document to an existing email without checking who\u2019s on the mailing list. Ouch.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\">You just sent your document to three people who don\u2019t need it. Now you have to answer their annoyed, confused questions.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"Table-R\">\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #b4c7dc; vertical-align: middle; padding: 5.75pt 5.75pt 0 5.75pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Tip<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"background-color: #dee6ef; padding: 5.75pt 5.75pt 0 5.75pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><a id=\"X131b587ea54057751096a9690f6b9d96178e39b\"><\/a><a id=\"Xf719cccd1ae50d57240c2671a698bf4aae8f084\"><\/a><a id=\"X47a70836bf90ba60841d12eb8a341cbebc712d9\"><\/a>Rather than relying on existing messages, begin a new message every time you send or attach a document. This simple practice can help you ensure you only give information to those who want, need, and expect it.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11670_1766606829\"><\/a>Assess\u2014Writing to Share Information<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Which of the following should a statement of purpose include?<br \/>\na. Identify what information you are providing.<br \/>\nb. Begin with a demand.<br \/>\nc. Ignore the readers\u2019 needs. You are the leader.<br \/>\nd. Tell your reader what\u2019s in it for them.<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Which statement does NOT describe the necessary qualities of detailed information?<br \/>\na. Short. You can talk to everyone at lunch.<br \/>\nb. Accurate<br \/>\nc. Specific<br \/>\nd. Complete<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Which of the following should the closing include? Select all that apply.<br \/>\na. Include as little as possible.<br \/>\nb. Provide a statement of action.<br \/>\nc. Show the lines of communication are open.<br \/>\nd. A closing is optional.<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Which of the following is NOT a good reason for showing your readers the lines of communication are open?<br \/>\na. So your readers know they can ask questions<br \/>\nb. So you can correct any misunderstandings<br \/>\nc. So you can create goodwill<br \/>\nd. So you can criticize the people who come in<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Which of the following are not good reasons for sharing information? Check all that apply.<br \/>\na. To let everyone know about upcoming changes<br \/>\nb. To share photos of your amazing vacation<br \/>\nc. To provide details about an upcoming project<br \/>\nd. To answer questions<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11672_1766606829\"><\/a>Engage\u2014Writing to Share Information<\/h2>\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">Recently, your department has been facing an issue. When your company first opened, it was small and family owned and operated. While the size of the company has tripled, the policies and procedures that the company follows have not kept up. As a consequence, employees have been taking personal days and half days without prior approval, which is causing scheduling issues and other problems. In order to improve the situation, the company is formalizing its procedures for taking time off. The following memo was written by your supervisor, who asked you to give your feedback before they send it out.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\"><strong>Memo<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-BlockText\" style=\"margin-left: 23.75pt; margin-right: 23.75pt;\">Date: April 29, 2022<br style=\"clear: both;\" \/>To: Members of the Human Resources Department<br style=\"clear: both;\" \/>From: Jo Manager<br style=\"clear: both;\" \/>Re: It\u2019s time to stop<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-BlockText\" style=\"margin-left: 23.75pt; margin-right: 23.75pt;\">When all the employees at this company were members of the same family, it was okay for people to just take time off without thinking about anyone else. But now all kinds of people work here, but you all still act like we\u2019re one big family. You have to stop randomly taking time off! Just last week, I had to work on Saturday to cover for someone who did not let me know until Friday that they had to miss their shift to go to a wedding! I had plans too, but I had to cancel them. And don\u2019t get me started on the women with kids!<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-BlockText\" style=\"margin-left: 23.75pt; margin-right: 23.75pt;\">I\u2019m not the only one who has a problem with your behavior. The CEO of the company has issued a new policy that everyone has to follow. Everyone! I have summarized the policy below.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-BlockText\" style=\"margin-left: 23.75pt; margin-right: 23.75pt;\">Starting next month, we will follow this procedure for requesting time off. All requests for time off must be made at least six weeks in advance. No exceptions. Requests have to be made in writing using the appropriate online form. All requests must be approved.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-BlockText\" style=\"margin-left: 23.75pt; margin-right: 23.75pt;\">I don\u2019t mean to be harsh, but you have to clean up your acts.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">To complete this activity successfully, complete the following steps:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Determine whether the writer achieved the following:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Used an appropriate tone for the audience.<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Used an indirect approach.<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Included adequate and accurate information.<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Ended with a call to action.<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Showed the conversation was open.<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Crafted a memo with an effective structure.<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Wrote the memo with no errors in style, grammar, or punctuation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a02. After assessing the above, complete the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Present your findings in a memo.<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Post your memo to the discussion.<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Respond to at least three of your classmates. Provide feedback on the following:\n<ul>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">The content of their memo<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\"><a id=\"X525ed860aa030f41d573c913ce27aa63b5cc0a6\"><\/a>The structure and design of their memo<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11674_1766606829\"><\/a>Apply\u2014Sharing information<\/h2>\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">For this assignment, you must write a memo in response to the following prompt:<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\">In the \u201cAudience\u201d module you identified the problems facing the members of your department as the company transitions from work at home to work from the office. After identifying the problems, you suggested a potential solution based on what you learned from interviewing the members of your department. Now that your proposed plan and solution has been approved by the CEO, your job is to share it with the members of your department.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\">Most of the department has enjoyed the convenience of working from home and have concerns about returning to the office. Your job is to present the information as persuasively as possible to get everyone\u2019s cooperation.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\">To complete this assignment successfully, follow these steps:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Present your information in the form of a memo.<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Use headings to create a visual hierarchy.<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Follow the guidelines for creating an effective structure.<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Use correct English.<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\">Meet your audiences\u2019 needs.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p class=\"import-FirstParagraph\">For this assignment, you may create material concerning employee concerns and needs; however, your material must be realistic and should be based on your professional experience.<\/p>\n<h3><a id=\"__RefHeading___Toc11676_1766606829\"><\/a>Assignment Rubric<\/h3>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"Table-R\" style=\"height: 0;\">\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"vertical-align: bottom; border-top: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\n<div class=\"Table-firstRow\">\n<p class=\"import-Compact\">\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"vertical-align: bottom; border-top: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\n<div class=\"Table-firstRow\">\n<p class=\"import-Compact\"><strong>Superior<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"vertical-align: bottom; border-top: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\n<div class=\"Table-firstRow\">\n<p class=\"import-Compact\"><strong>Above Average<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"vertical-align: bottom; border-top: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\n<div class=\"Table-firstRow\">\n<p class=\"import-Compact\"><strong>Average<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"vertical-align: bottom; border-top: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\n<div class=\"Table-firstRow\">\n<p class=\"import-Compact\"><strong>Below Average<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"vertical-align: bottom; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\">\n<div class=\"Table-firstRow\">\n<p class=\"import-Compact\"><strong>Failing<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"Table-R\">\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><strong>Content<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">20 points<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Includes all of the required elements of the assignment.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">15 points<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Includes all of the required elements, though some are underdeveloped.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">10 points<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Includes most of the required elements.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">5 points<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Includes some of the required elements.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-right: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">0 points<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Does not include all of the required elements.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"Table-R\">\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><strong>Style<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">20 points<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The writing is clear and concise and avoids unnecessary use of passive constructions.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">15 points<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The writing is clear and concise and generally avoids unnecessary use of passive constructions.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">10 points<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The writing is mostly clear and concise and mostly avoids unnecessary use of passive constructions.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">5 points<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The writing is occasionally clear and concise but does not avoid unnecessary use of passive constructions.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-right: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">0 points<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The style is inappropriate or unclear.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"Table-R\">\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><strong>Design<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">20 points<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The document has a clear visual hierarchy and the writer uses appropriate methods of presentation such as lists and tables.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">15 points<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The document has a clear visual hierarchy and the writer uses some appropriate methods of presentation such as lists and tables.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">10 points<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The document has a basic visual hierarchy and the writer occasionally uses appropriate methods of presentation such as lists and tables.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">5 points<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The document\u2019s visual hierarchy is weak and the writer doesn\u2019t use appropriate methods of presentation such as lists and tables.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-right: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">0 points<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The document has no visual hierarchy.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"Table-R\">\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><strong>Structure<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">20 points<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The organization of the document is clear and logical and makes strong use of topic sentences and transitions.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">15 points<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The organization of the document is generally clear and logical and makes some use of topic sentences and transitions.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">10 points<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The document has an organization and occasionally uses topic sentences and transitions.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">5 points<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The structure is weak and the writer rarely uses topic sentences or transitions.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-right: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">0 points<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The document has no structure.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"Table-R\">\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><strong>Correctness<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">20 points<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The document has no errors.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">15 points<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The document has 2\u20133 errors.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">10 points<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The document has 4\u20135 errors.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">5 points<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The document has 6\u20137 errors.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Table-C\" style=\"border-right: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.5pt; padding: 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt 2.75pt;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><a id=\"Xd201ffd88c898ec010d96ca01f0bb436f765dcc\"><\/a><a id=\"Xe8ffee2f5a30b94d911ce09c0b4065f08976f90\"><\/a>0 points<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The document has 8 or more errors.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"menu_order":7,"template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-31","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":3,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.library.unt.edu\/writeandcommunicate\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/31","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.library.unt.edu\/writeandcommunicate\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.library.unt.edu\/writeandcommunicate\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.library.unt.edu\/writeandcommunicate\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.library.unt.edu\/writeandcommunicate\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/31\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":112,"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.library.unt.edu\/writeandcommunicate\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/31\/revisions\/112"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.library.unt.edu\/writeandcommunicate\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.library.unt.edu\/writeandcommunicate\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/31\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.library.unt.edu\/writeandcommunicate\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.library.unt.edu\/writeandcommunicate\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=31"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.library.unt.edu\/writeandcommunicate\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=31"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.library.unt.edu\/writeandcommunicate\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=31"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}